VSJ Motto De Toute Son Ame

Villa St.-Jean International School
Student Remembrances

Emblems of Villa St. Jean Ville de Fribourg  Canton de Fribourg and Switzerland


Villa St.-Jean International School - Fribourg, Switzerland Student Rembrances & Photos

Editor's NOTE: Most of the Photo alblums are from a CD carefully compiled from a number of contributors by Former Villa student Kevin Di Palma . Kevin's CD was kindly sent to me by François "Chris" Orenga de Gaffory. So thank you Kevin and thank you François.





LOCAL PAGE MENU - Click on Hyperlink to Jump to Desired Section

1964-1965: Collection of PHOTOS from David King
1965-1966: Collection of PHOTOS from Reverend David Paul S.M.
1965-1966: Collection of PHOTOS from Orlando Sacasa
1966-1967: Collection of PHOTOS from Richard Walker
1966-1967: Collection of PHOTOS from Joe Stivers
1967: Collection of PHOTOS from Marc S. Allen
1968-1970: Collection of PHOTOS from Nabih Yammine
Steve MacIntyre's Collected Reminiscences




Villa St-Jean 1964-1965 : Collection of PHOTOS from David King

1.   Brother Wilfred Moran Talking To Students
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Brother Wilfred Moran Talking To Students
2.   Brother Vincent
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Brother Vincent
3.   Brother Vincent Walking to Class
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Brother Vincent Walking to Class
4.   Jorge Castro
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Jorge Castro
5.   Jean Nicolas D'Ancezune
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Jean Nicolas D'Ancezune
6.   Thomas Dunleavy, John Wilson, back to camera, Peter Parks
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Thomas Dunleavy others
7.   George Woods, Terry Foley, John Wilson
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  George Woods  Terry Foley John Wilson
8.   Helmo Manzl sitting, Kevin Lawler,, Terry Foley,, Robert Lang, Richard Kuertz and others
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Helmo Manzl others
9.   Waiting For Class To Start
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Waiting For Class To Start
10.   John Wilson, Kevin Lawler, Peter Parks
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  John Wilson, Kevin Lawler, Peter Parks
11.   Brother Frank Klapp Waiting At Train Station for Hike
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Brother Frank Klapp Waiting At Train Station
12.   Brother Frank Klapp Talking To Students on Hike
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Brother Frank Klapp Talking To Students on Hike
13.   George McNealy, Eric Berquist, Brother Jim Facette, Michael Koun, Father Charles Neumann and others
 PHOTO Villa St Jean George McNealy, Eric Berquist, Brother Jim Facette,  Michael Koun, Father Charles Neumann and others
14.   Father Charles Neumann and Brother Vincent Wayer
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Father Charles Neumann and Brother Vincent Wayer
15.   VSJ Dining Room : John Wilson, Marcus Chassagne, NN, ?Peter Parks?, George McNealy
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  VSJ Dining Room
16.   At Sapinière playing pool Tom Curfs, Jean-Pierre Chassagne, NN, NN, NN
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Sapinière playing pool
17.   VSJ playing cards Arnie Kaufman, ?Steve Sullivan?, Mike Koun, Steve Mott, David King
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  VSJ playing cards Arnie Kaufman
18.   Skiing Kevin Lawler, Mike Koun, not sure, not sure, David King
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Kevin Lawler, Mike Koun, not sure, not sure, David King
19.   Bottom Of Ski Hill: John Wilson, David King, Mike Koun, George McNealy
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  John Wilson, David King, Mike Koun, George McNealy
20.   George McNealy
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  George McNealy
21.   Villa Trip Lausanne Expo 1964: Mike Koun and Terry Foley
 PHOTO Villa St Jean
22.   Villa Trip Lausanne Expo 1964: Steve Sullivan and Mike Koun
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Lausanne Expo 1964
23.   Villa Trip Lausanne Expo 1964: Steve Sullivan, Mike Koun and David King
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Lausanne Expo 1964 2
24.   Villa Trip Lausanne Expo 1964: Steve Sullivan, Mike Koun and
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Lausanne Expo 1964 3
24.   Villa Trip Lausanne Expo 1964: NN, Mike Koun and Steve Sullivan
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Lausanne Expo 1964 4
25.   Kevin Lawler, Marcus Chassagne, Jamie Waddel Mike Koun, Tom Greenish
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Kevin Lawler, Marcus Chassagne, Jamie Waddel
26.   Richard Kuertz, Mike Koun, Eric Bergquist, NN
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Richard Kuertz, Mike Koun, Eric Bergquist
27.  
 PHOTO Villa St Jean
28.   Waiting For The Train After A Hike
 PHOTO Villa St Jean
29.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean
30.   George Woods
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  George Woods
31.   Steve Sullian, John Woods, Mike Kohun
 PHOTO Villa St Jean

Click on link to RETURN To TOP Of Page & Local MENU





Villa St-Jean 1965-1966 : Collection of PHOTOS from Reverend David Paul S.M.

Gala Fondue Party in Bossuet

Erik Bjertnes, Henry Rowland, Richard Krashevski, Robert Heitzman, Alan Balladur, Kevin Di Palma, Cavan Candito
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Gala Fondue Party in Bossuet
Christmas Party

Francois de Gaffory, Larry Gruza, Ken George, Chris Condon, Richard Kuertz, Rene Drouin, Bob Heitzman
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Christmas Party
Alpine Club

Standing: Owen Clapper, Ascanio. Rossi, Erik Bjertnes, Rene Drouin, Ted Strojny, Peter Remington, Fred Puleo, Larry Avvampato, Richard Smart, Ted Pizzino
Kneeling: Francois de Gaffory, Jim Wardner, James Clement, Marc Allen, Brother Facette, David Dabney, Henry Rowland, Rudy Smits, John Wood
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Alpine Club
Bossuet Talent Night

Patrick Kelly, James Myers
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Bossuet Talent Night
Debate Club

Marc Allen, Robert Heitzman, Steve Fuller, Brother Vincent, Rene Drouin, Kevin Lawler, Alan Balladur, Kim Horne, Larry Gruza, Walter Lefteroff
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Debate Club
Bossuet Choir

John Wood, Peter Remington, Rene Drouin, Ken George, Orlando Sacasa, Kim Horne, Gabriel Ayson, Bob Heitzman, Cavan Candito, Didi Bombach, Ted Pizzino
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Bossuet Choir
Student Council Officers - Class of 1966

Kevin Lawler, Bob Heitzman, Steve Fuller, Ted Pizzinof
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Student Council Officers 1966
Bossuet Paint Party

Don Smith
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Bossuet Paint Party
Christmas Bible Service

Steve Fuller at Lectern
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Christmas Bible Service
Bossuet Gourmet Supper Club

Gabriel Ayson, Patrick Kelly, Kevin Di Palma, Chris Condon, Cavan Candito, Larry Avvampato, Fred Puleo, Marc Allen
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Bossuet Gourmet Supper Club
Social-Cultural Committee

Walter Lefteroff, Gary Granville, Alan Balladur, Kevin Lawler, Richard Kuertz, Richard Krashevski
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Social-Cultural Committee
Debate Club

Robert Heitzman, Steve Fuller, Marc Allen, Rene Drouin, Kevin Lawler, Kim Horne, Larry Gruza
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Debate Club
Mardi Gras Dance Preparation

Steve Fuller, Richard Kuertz
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Social-Cultural Committee
Christmas Tree Decorating

Bart Korbet, Steve Fuller
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Christmas Christmas Tree Decorating
Christmas Children's Party

Steve Fuller, Orlando Sacasa, Don Smith, Jean Nicolas d'Ancezune, Ken George, Ted Pizzino
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Christmas Children's Party
Spiritual-Educational Committee

Kim Horne, Ken George, Jean Nicolas d'Ancezune, Richard Smart, Ted Pizzino, Rene Drouin, Orlando Sacasa, Carl Mamen
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Spiritual-Educational Committee
Student at Work

Richard Kuertz
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Debate Club
Rolling Stones Fan Club

Kevin Lawler, Robert Heitzman, Steve Fuller, Ted Pizzino
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Rolling Stones Fan Club
Mardi Gras Dance Preparation

Rene Drouin, Walter Lefteroff, Kevin Lawler, Richard Krashevski
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Mardi Gras Dance Preparation
Christmas Children's Party

Jean Nicolas d'Ancezune as St. Nicholas
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Christmas Children's Party
Student Council Executive Council

Father David Paul, Bob Heitzman, Steve Fuller, Don Smith, Kevin Lawler, Ted Pizzino
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Student Council Executive Council
Varsity Basketball

Standing: Brother Facette, Richard Kuertz, Ted Pizzino, Robert Heitzman, Ted Strojny, Francois de Gaffory, Luis Munoz, Jean Nicolas d'Ancezune
Kneeling James Wardner, Chris Condon, Richard Krashevski, Bart Korbet, Walter Lefteroff, Kevin Lawler, Rafael Zevallos
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Varsity Basketball
Social-Cultural Committee

Rafael Zevallos, Gary Granville, Alan Balladur, Kevin Lawler, Richard Kuertz, Richard Krashevski, Bart Korbet
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Social-Cultural Committee
Varsity Basketball

Rafael Zevallos, Richard Kuertz, Robert Heitzman, Luis Munoz, Ted Pizzino
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Varsity Basketball
Student Council Officers - Class of 1966

Kevin Lawler, Robert Heitzman, Steve Fuller, Ted Pizzino
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Student Council Officers - Class of 1966

 

Click on link to RETURN To TOP Of Page & Local MENU





Villa St-Jean 1965-1966: Collection of PHOTOS from Orlando Sacasa

Ric Cummins and Orlando Sacasa
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Ric Cummins and Orlando Sacasa
Richard Krashevski and Alan Balladur
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Richard Krashevski and Alan Balladur
Brother Vincent Wayer Plays Bridge
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Brother Vincent Wayer Plays Bridge
Ken George
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Ken George
Brian Lawler, Thiery Curtis, Alan Balladur, Richard Krashevski
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Brian Lawler Thiery Curtis Alan Balladur Richard Krashevski
Ken George, Alan Griffin
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Ken George, Alan Griffin
Alan Griffin
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Alan Griffin
Alan Griffin, Jim Clement, Ted Strojny, Erik Bjertnes, Hernan Galvez, Gary Grandville, Fran�ois Christian Orenga de Gaffory, Fred Puleo, Luis Munoz

The tennis courts are behind them.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean students
Patrice Boudin de Saint Maurice
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Patrice Boudin de Saint Maurice
Fred Puleo, Ric Cummins
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Fred Puleo, Ric Cummins
Orlando Sacasa
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Orlando Sacasa
Hernan Galvez, Orlando Sacasa, Fred Puleo, Luis Munoz.

Gallia is behind to their left.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean students 2
Jose Cabarrus and Ken George
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Jose Cabarrus and Ken George
Joe Stivers and Jim Clement in front of the refectory
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Joe Stivers and Jim Clement in front of the refectory
Ted Stojny, Alan Griffin and James Clement
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Ted Stojny, Alan Griffin and James Clement
Luis Munoz and Chris De Gaffory
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Luis Munoz and Chris De Gaffory
Carl Mamen and Orlando Sacasa
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Carl Mamen and Orlando Sacasa
Fred Puleo, Carl Mamen, Ric Cummins, Erik Bjertnes
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Fred Puleo, Carl Mamen, Ric Cummins, Erik Bjertnes
 PHOTO Villa St Jean

 

Click on link to RETURN To TOP Of Page & Local MENU





Villa St-Jean 1966-1967: Collection of PHOTOS from Richard Walker

Larry Gruza, Francois Christian Orenga de Gaffory, Thiery Curtis
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Larry Gruza, Francois Christian Orenga de Gaffory, Thiery Curtis
Felipe Echavarria, Richard Krashevski, Henry Rowland, Francois Christian Orenga de Gaffory
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Felipe Echavarria, Richard Krashevski, Henry Rowland, Francois Christian Orenga de Gaffory
Richard Krashevski, Thiery Curtis
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Richard Krashevski, Thiery Curtis
Richard Krashevski, Richard "Duke" Walker
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Richard Krashevski, Richard
Francois Christian Orenga de Gaffory, Thiery Curtis, Richard Krashevski
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Francois Christian Orenga de Gaffory, Thiery Curtis, Richard Krashevski
Fran�ois Christian Orenga de Gaffory, Thiery Curtis
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Fran�ois Christian Orenga de Gaffory, Thiery Curtis
Orlando Sacasa, Thiery Curtis, Paul Mayo, Fran�ois Christian Orenga de Gaffory
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Orlando Sacasa, Thiery Curtis, Paul Mayo, Fran�ois Christian Orenga de Gaffory
Richard "Duke" Walker, Paul Mayo
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Richard
Tom Van Pelt (thumbs up)
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Tom Van Pelt
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Orlando Sacasa
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Orlando Sacasa
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Roy Rieber, Walter Lefteroff, Paul McViney
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Roy Rieber, Walter Lefteroff, Paul McViney
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Larry Gruza
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Larry Gruza
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Don Smith, Alan Balladur, Paul McViney, Richard Krashevski
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Don Smith, Alan Balladur, Paul McViney, Richard Krashevski
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Walter Lefteroff, Tom Morrissey, Paul Hazelip
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Walter Lefteroff, Tom Morrissey, Paul Hazelip
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Alan Griffin, James Clement
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Alan Griffin, James Clement
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Thomas Dunleavy, Father Charles Miller, Brother James Facette
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Thomas Dunleavy, Father Charles Miller, Brother James Facette
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Alan Griffin
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Alan Griffin
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Richard Walker, James Clement
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Richard Walker, James Clement
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Alan Griffin, Richard Walker
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Alan Griffin, Richard Walker
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Chris Condon, Alan Balladur, Richard Krashevski
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Chris Condon, Alan Balladur, Richard Krashevski
1967 Senior Class Day Trip to Morat
Bart "Skip" Korbet
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Korbet
Bossuet
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Bossuet
1967 Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook
Cover
 PHOTO Villa St Jean 1967  Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook 1
1967 Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook
Introduction, Spirit, Faculty, Daily Schedule
 PHOTO Villa St Jean 1967  Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook 2
1967 Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook
Weekend Schedule, Study
 PHOTO Villa St Jean 1967  Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook 3
1967 Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook
Recreation, Smoking, Showers, Dress, Campus Leave, Visits
 PHOTO Villa St Jean 1967  Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook 4
1967 Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook
Phone, Mail, Hazing, Private Rooms, General
 PHOTO Villa St Jean 1967  Bossuet Residence Hall Handbook 5

Click on link to RETURN To TOP Of Page & Local MENU





Villa St-Jean 1966-1967: Collection of PHOTOS from Joe Stivers

Kevin writes: Joe Stivers was a yearbook photographer during the 1966-1967 school year. Joe wrote us this note:
"As promised, I dug through my VSJ trunk and found what appears to be the negatives of 800 - 1,000 photos taken at the Villa during my term there. Negatives, however, not prints. But they appear to have been preserved pretty well in the canisters. I think I remember Brother Facette telling me: "Son...you put these negatives in canisters because someday you'll be uploading these images over satellite and phone lines with a 266 MHz MMX enhanced processor and a 56K modem."

 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67019  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67002
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67003  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67004
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67005  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67006
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67007  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67008
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67009  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67010
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67011  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67012
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67013  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67014
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67015  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67016
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67001  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67020
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67021  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67025
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67026  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67027
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67028  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67029
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67030  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67032
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67031  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67035
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67039  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67042
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67041  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67040
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67043  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67044
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67045  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67046
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67047  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67048
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67054  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67053
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67049  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67055
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67056  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67059
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67061  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67062
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67063  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67064
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67065  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67066
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67067  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67068
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67070  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67071
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67072  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67073
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67074  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67075
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67077  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67079
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67080  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67081
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67082  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67084
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67085  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67086
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67087  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67088
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67089  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67092
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67093  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67094
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67095  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67096
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67098  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67099
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67100  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67101
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67102  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67104
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67103  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67106
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67107  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67113
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67111  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67112
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67114  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67116
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67118  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67119
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67120  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67121
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67122  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67124
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67125  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67126
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67127  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67128
 PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67129  PHOTO Villa St Jean vsj67131

Click on link to RETURN To TOP Of Page & Local MENU





Villa St-Jean 1967: Collection of PHOTOS from Marc S. Allen

27 July 1993

Dear Fellow Classmates of 1967

Last month I had the good fortune to be in northern Italy with enough time to swing by the Villa -- I have had reports of dramatic changes, but the reality was even more striking. The last time I was there, in the summer of 1976, Bossuet was standing, but abandoned, and at least some of the remaining buildings were unremoved rubble. Those buildings still standing at the time seemed to be in some kind of use, and there was a huge, above-ground storage tank, the size of a medium-size submarine, right in the middle of the court between Bossuet and the cafeterias. In the intervening 17 years, a jazzy and quite profusely landscaped complex has replace our dear old firetrap.

I've enclosed 5 pictures of the Villa for your enjoyment. The Mirabeau was closed for Sunday, but Lucy (my fiancée, who appears in a few of the pictures) and I did have coffee at the patisserie at the bend in the rue de Perolles across form where the kiosk used to be (it was where the Chess -- and for you real told-timers, across from where the outdoor potty was before it rolled down the hill!).

I was struck by what a magnificent town Fribourg is. The cathedral of St. Nicolas was everything I remembered; the little cobblestone road leading down to the Tilleul (rue de Lausanne, Romont, I don't remember) is closed to traffic and has outdoor cafes. Lucy and I did a Bataan march walking tour of the true bas-ville (gad, I've never tried to spell that before), down behind the town hall at the Tilleul -- in five years at the Villa I had never gotten down there, except as far as the patinoire, which is now gone except for signs pointing to where it is supposed to be. To my 42-year old eyes, Fribourg easily holds itself against Berne, which itself must truly be one of the most charming towns on the planet.......

Marc S. Allen, '67

View from rue de Perolles Toward VSJ Administration Building
 PHOTO Villa St Jean View_Toward_Administration
This is the view toward the administration building, with my back to Rue de Perolles down the hill.
The building on the left is unchanged.
I think the Villa's original cast iron gate must have been recessed some as seen in the picture, perhaps flush with the little tile-roofed building peeking through the brush on the left.
The new structures are the College de St. Croix. The glass building on the right is where the end of Bossuet, the refectories (with the big chapel upstairs), etc. would have been.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Present Day View_Toward_Administration
View of Gallia, pretty much unchanged except under some kind of restoration.
It was Sunday, and there was no one at all around to ask about it.
On the left is the same glass building seen on the right in #1, where Bossuet used to be.
When I was there in 1976, Bossuet was still standing, but plainly not in use because it had a number of broken windows.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean View of Gallia
This is where it gets hard.
The landscaping has been so sweeping that it's very hard to tell where the old Villa used to be.
This is a view toward the building facing directly into #1, but from the back.
The best I can imagine is that I am standing about where the goal posts on the asphalt field were, below the tennis courts across the drive from the refectories.
The topography is totally changed, and there doesn't seem to be much correlation between the locations of the new buildings and the old.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Present Day View 3
Walking a little downhill and facing in the opposite direction: I think close by on my right would have been the near goal posts of the grass soccer field, which is still preserved.
The far goal posts are as they were, as is the far tennis court.
Sapiniere would be off to my left from this position, if it were still there.
The woods off to the right do not seem much changed, except of course everything looks smaller.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Present Day View 4
I've walked about to the midfield line of the grass field, and turned to my left to look at the old pavilion -- unchanged!
Who would have though that it (and Gallia) would have survived the rest of the Villa.
The pavilion was totally the same, except seemed tiny.
Note the tennis court still next to it -- I think there used to be two.
It seems to me that there was an outside basketball court between the pavilion and the two tennis courts.
Then to the left of the present court, is a new building roughly where Sapi was.
The sprinting track across the front is just visible (at its end in)
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Present Day View 5
Aerial View of College de St. Croix
See old basketball pavilion in upper right of photo
 PHOTO Villa St Jean marc_college
"Historical" View from Ashphalt Goal Posts
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Marc Ashphalt Goal Posts
"Historical" Aerial View on Sapi and Pavillion
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Marc_SapiLeft
"Historical" View Looking Back from Tennis Courts to Bossuet
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Marc_belowtennis courts
"Historical" View From the Woods In Winter
 PHOTO Villa St Jean VillaSnowCatalogue
"Historical" View Playing Football on Grass Sports Field
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Marc_GrassSoccerField
"Historical" View Soccor Team on Grass Sports Field
The 1966 Villa Soccer Team

Rafael. Zevallos, Peter Funsten, Kim Horne, Alan Balladur, Ascanio. Rossi, Donald Smith, Patrick Myers, Steven MacIntyre, Kevin Lawler, Malcolm Lawrence, Rene Drouin, Ken George, Richard Kuertz, Didi Bombach, Jim Clement, James Myers, Coach Brother Cyril Boschert
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Marc Near Goal Posts2
"Historical" View Front Gate
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Marc_FrontGate
"Historical" View Chapel
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Big Chapel

Click on link to RETURN To TOP Of Page & Local MENU





Villa St-Jean 1968-1970: Collection of PHOTOS from Nabih Yammine

Werner Dobner
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Werner Dobner
M. Josef Friedly, Conciege and Nabih Yammine
 PHOTO Villa St Jean M. Josef Friedly Conciege 
and Nabih Yammine
Reverend James Mueller, S.M. a la Salette
Notre Dame De La Salette
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Reverend James Mueller, S.M. a la Salette
Reverend James Mueller. S.M.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Reverend James Mueller. S.M.
Jean-Luc Barras, Jos� Oliveira, Nabih Yammine
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Jean Luc Barras, Jos� Oliveira, Nabih Yammine
Reverend James Mueller, S.M.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Reverend James Mueller, S.M.
Jos� Oliveira, Nabih Yammine (Photo of Father John Gorman S. M. on the wall)
 PHOTO Villa St Jean  Jose Oliveira, Nabih Yammine
Jose Oliveira
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Jose Oliveira
Marie-Jose Barras, Jean-Luc Barras, Werner Dobner, Christianne Yammine-Letzelschwab
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Jean Marie-Jose Barras, Jean-Luc Barras, Werner Dobner, Christianne Yammine-Letzelschwab
Wilfred Patrick Moran S. M., Fred Fuchs, Jean-Luc Barras, Marie-Jose Barras, Jose Oliveira
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Wilfred Patrick Moran S. M.,  Fred Fuchs, Jean-Luc Barras, Marie-Jose Barras, Jose Oliveira
Jose Oliveira, James Muller S.M., Christianne Yammine-Letzelschwab, Helene Chablais, Otto Wirth, S.M.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Jose Oliveira, James Muller S.M.,  Christianne Yammine-Letzelschwab,  Helene Chablais, Otto Wirth, S.M.
Don Jones, Cyril Boshert, Jerry Gegg, Mrs. Jones
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Don Jones, Cyril Boshert, Jerry Gegg, Mrs. Jones
Jose Oliveira, Nabih Yammine, Christianne Yammine-Letzelschwab, Otto Wirth, S.M.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Jose Oliveira, Nabih Yammine,  Christianne Yammine-Letzelschwab, Otto Wirth, S.M.

Click on link to RETURN To TOP Of Page & Local MENU





Villa St-Jean Steve MacIntyre's Collected Reminiscences

On his original Villa St.-Jean website, Kevin DiPalma wrote:
"Steve MacIntyre the Virtual Villa's most prolific writer, sent us these reminiscences. We are glad he did. Read and enjoy! "

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Fribourg Poster

January 21, 1999: Steve MacIntyre's "Bleak House" Recollection of the Villa Campus Deconstructed

Indulge a brief recollection of a first visit to the Villa campus, subsequent to its closing.

It was 1981 and though I've visited Fribourg and the campus site several times since, it was my first time back since graduation.

I knew the Villa had been closed, but was not prepared to find it in the throes of being razed. 1981 was a wet summer in Europe north of the Mediterranean coast and -- alone and traveling by motorcycle, a summer's worth of clothing and gear lashed to the back of the bike -- I was quite glum as I rolled up Perrolles.

It was Saturday, it was August, and so there was not a soul to be seen on the campus or vicinity.

The rain fell incessantly. What a sight! Sapi had been torn down, a pile of rubble where it had stood. Ditto Ormes, the administration building, dining halls and chapel. Bossuet was half standing.

The wrecker ball had taken its toll but the destruction was incomplete. The round, attached staircase wound its way to nowhere. Interior walls stood exposed to the rain, railings and pieces of shelving from the library lay, identifiable and familiar, among the rubble of masonry and stucco and wet dust.

Improbably the basketball "pavilion' was intact and Gallia, inexplicably, stood unharmed. We all know now that, for whatever reason, it was destined to be spared. But at the time it looked as though it too was patiently awaiting its turn for oblivion.

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Zermatt Poster

February 5, 1999: Alan Fuller's Recollections of Life Post-Villa

I left Villa St. Jean thirty-two and a half years ago, and pretty much never looked back.

The only contacts with Villa friends since then have been very few, and occasionally sort of meta-contacts.

Within eight months of returning to Minneapolis in 1966 I had occasion to have a small record player fixed. It was one I had bought in Europe. I walked into a drug store, sat down at a fountain stool and ordered a soda. The soda jerk commented on the unusual brand of record player, and in rapid sequence the following connections were made: Europe to Switzerland to Villa St Jean to Tony Morrosco. This guy knew Tony!

In college Brother Vincent Wayer appeared on campus in the graduate school, Department of Education. He was getting a Phd. For me this was a treat, as we renewed our relationship for a year or two. He lived in a house with some other folks, probably Marrianists. I recall they employed a cook who considered me underweight and was willing to work on the problem. I always found Brother Vincent to be a man of uncommon practical intelligence, and was sure he would go onto great things. Did he?

A couple years later I was driving through New Hampshire and paid a visit to Skip Korbet. He was employed as a State Trooper which somehow made perfect sense. We always knew he would be tangled up with the law in some fashion, the debate and primary interest centering upon just which side of that arbitrary line he found more interesting. Skip was living in a trailer off of a freeway somewhere; a small place tucked up in the woods. He was heavily armed as you might imagine and was remarkably unchanged. A serious smoker. He could still draw an impressive volume of air through a cigarette faster than anyone I have ever met. He kept his state police cruiser at home and he showed me how he had modified it. There was a kill switch under the dash which shut off the right front headlight. He used to sneak up on cars at night with one headlight out. Once he had them speeding or whatever, he would turn on his flashing lights and the missing headlight simultaneously. Surprise. He also would drive around at night on the freeways with his lights completely off.

When I was in college Alan Balladur turned up and stayed a couple months. He has been the only continuous Villa contact for me, although at times the contact has been very tenuous. I guess that is why you have my e-mail address: through Swiss.

I did go back to the Villa once, in 1970, on a motorcycle. Returning to Fribourg was a strangely emotional experience for me. All the buildings at the Villa were still standing as I recall, but I was surprised to find I felt as much connection to the ravine behind the school. I have fond memories of that whole area and was pleased it was unchanged. I stayed in one of the dorms for a week or so. A couple hours after arriving in town, I ran into Sylvia. Remember her from the Chess? It was a nice connection, and I hung around with her and her friends for a few days. I have always known that my departure from the Villa was premature, and would really have liked to stay the last two years to graduate.

But that was a long time ago, and I was surprised to fine the virtual Villa community on the Internet. I've got to locate my old yearbooks to refresh my memory and provide faces for some of the names I find here. I also have a bunch of photos of the Villa somewhere; I'll look for them at the same time.

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Toblerone Poster

February 5, 1999: Note from Father Bernard Truffer of Sion, Switzerland to Kevin Di Palma

I got your mail the 25th of January. If I am able to respond only today the reason is my stay at the hospital for two weeks. I can send you only papers of my own. That gives an idea about the foundation of the Villa Saint-Jean, knowing the spirit and the intentions of Father Kieffer, founder of the Villa (1904).

Two books of Kieffer are important:"L'autorite dans la famille et a l'ecole." Another book was: "Education et equilibre." Probably you would be happy to know more about the daily life during a school year. Yearbooks and so on. All this is only to find at Rome in the library of the Marianists. Mail address: Curia Generalizia Marianista Via Latina 22 - 00179 Roma, Italia /FAX (0039) 06.7 000 406

In the Archives of this house there are all indications more about the Villa Saint-Jean. If You should have in the next future the occasion to go to Rome; don't forget the address of the Curia Generalizia Marianista. The headmaster of the archives is M. Albano Ambrogio, one of my good friends.

During my stay of a whole year at Dayton, Ohio, I traveled across the states. And coming from California I visited Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona, but from New Mexico unhappily I didn't see other cities than El Paso with a look to Ciadad Juarez, Mexico. I remain very happy for having lived in the states for a year. People, custom, kindness and so many countries are really wonderful. I like the United States of America.

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Basel Poster

February 6, 1999: Jean-Michel Simoneau's Note about Life at the Villa and Later

Some scattered thoughts: The last year at the Villa was like somekind of dream. I am not sure if we really knew it was closing until almost the end...I don't remember if I knew it. We thought of only one thing...our girlfriends, and when we could arrange dates with them. Our dances in Arthur Conan Doyle's Chateau were out of some fairy tale and were paid for with rare books from the Bossuet library that Brother Dobner passed along to a descendant of the author. Bro Dobner allowed us beer at the dinner table, two large bottles per table (?)

Academic pressures were increased by Bro Dobner who instinctively felt that idle hands created mischief. He had us read nearly 52 books in English that year..at least two a week. College was too easy when I got there...we were performing at a higher level at the Villa, amazing.

Our senior trip to Nice was pure fun, and we came back like eighteen beets to graduation...and then we all left as soon as we could pack. I flew to Turkey, met my folks who were leaving, spent the summer in Ireland, Scotland and England, then on the LA and Hawaii, then Okinawa, and then I headed back for college at Holy Cross where my dad had graduated in 1949.

There is much that is not in the yearbook of course. The mountain climbs were generally as you said, we did have a memorable one involving a night crossing of a glacier with ropes. Matt Bell, roped in front of me, put his leg into a crevice. He could move quickly after all. Watching the sunrise from high altitude above the glacier will always be a memory I will not forget. We sometimes practiced rapelling with the ropes, and those are the photos that you saw.

We continued to have great bands, amazing for such a small school. The dances never changed, the girls were always a real treat for sore eyes. My most interesting girlfriend was the heiress of the Fokker aircraft family. You can imagine the ribbing I took since her last name was Fokker. Had I been more savvy (and mature) I might be flying that aircraft today. The class of 69 were rebels. Really. When we became Seniors, the Brothers were ready for us.

Check out the class of '70 add. There is a photo there with a bus...it was on a "pee-pee-stop" everyone was relieving themselves on the side of the road...and I took the photo. When I made up the add I cropped out the actual pee-pee equipment, a major regret of my life.

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Lindor Poster

February 22, 1999: Randy Dalton on Life After Villa St. Jean

I have been spending all morning going through the Villa websites looking at photographs (especially Joe Stivers') that bring back a lot of fond memories of some good times. It definitely was a unique period in my life - the Villa, Europe and the 60's. Thank you and Kevin for the extraordinary effort. I think it will help me re-establish contact with some of the personalities that made up Villa life. Yes, I'm alive and well, living in Austin, the "live music capital of the world", for the past fourteen years, currently working as the government documents librarian at Southwest Texas State University. What's more, I've been happily married (Diane Fisher) for ten of those years - with no kids (I think we're categorized as DINC's - double income, no children). Although I probably wouldn't admit it - despite having no children - I'm pretty much living the standard American middle-class life with a home mortgage, 8 to 5 job and my 401k investment plan.

Occasionally, through out the past thirty years, I have been able to make contact with some of the Villa guys. I remember getting together with Felipe Echavarria, Malcom Lawrence, Kevin Carrol, Larry Gruza? and Mike Childs one night at a club in Georgetown, Wash. D.C. in 1970. Most of us were home for the college break - Malcom was the only working stiff. That summer Mike Childs and I drove up to New England in my VW bug. I was bartending at a resort ranch in upstate New York (Lake George) and he was attending Goddard College in Vermont, which was, at the time, one of the first private "alternative" schools in the nation - no grades, clothing optional, plenty of drugs type of thing. I remember Mike was having a hard time of it, but I lost contact with him after that summer. I still worry about him to this day - I see he was on your list of e-mail addresses so maybe I'll drop him a line and see how he's doing.

After graduating from college in 1972, I drove out to California and "hung out" with Doug Miller for a couple of years. That is a story all of it's own. But I did look up Bill Buzzo when I was living in San Francisco. He was working as a letter carrier (postman back then) in San Mateo and, I remember, was deeply in love with some woman. I've lost contact with him too. During the 70's I would road trip back and forth from Florida to California several times and would always stop in Austin and stay with Eric Harrison. As it turns out, I now live here and Eric is probably the closest one from the Villa days that I still remain in touch with - we talk to each other about once a month. He's on his second marriage with three kids and is a local building contractor in the Austin area. I gave him the information on the Villa websites and the e-mail addresses, but he's not online yet.

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Wengen Poster

February 26, 1999: Steve MacIntyre on The Closing Of The Villa

Looking with fresh eyes at the Aker's copy of the bulletin you just posted, and then finding my own copy and reflecting on that, and then examining our class rosters and thinking about how quickly the enrollment swelled at the American Villa from a dead standing start, one is forced to wonder how the decision was made to reverse course on what was obviously a great success and pull the plug on the Villa.

The decision seems such a sudden reversal of a plan which, at the time of the closing, had been implemented fairly recently and was working extraordinarily well. Converting the Villa from a French school to an American one was a daring proposition at the time. It might well have not worked. Students might not have been attracted. But it did work. Judging by the burgeoning enrollment from that standing start, judging even from the allegiance of its former students who three decades later with no visible means of support are keeping a spirit alive, it worked brilliantly!

So the why the dramatic change of heart? Who made the call to reverse course and close down the Villa? The known facts just don't point to such an improbable decision. I wonder if we will ever know.

 PHOTO Villa St Jean ZurichPoster

March 9, 1999: Steve MacIntyre on the 1930s photos of Villa Life

1930 Photos:
The first thing that strikes me is the high photographic quality of them. They seem to have been taken with a large-format camera. The detail and composition are fantastic.

The second thing which strikes is how little had changed in the 30 years between Mr. Halbeisen's days at the Villa and our own. Even the plexiglass rain grooves which ran along the sides of all the buildings above the sidewalks were the same. And how about that pavilion? Such an insubstantial looking structure compared to the solidity of the main campus buildings. And yet it is outlasting it all.

I have only guesses as to where some of the more hard-to-fix pictures were taken. Here are a few attempts to guess:

  1. The palm trees are interesting. It always amazes me that Palm trees grow naturally in Switzerland, a product of some of the microclimates one finds in the valleys. Lugano, of course, is full of palm trees, but even Montreux, a town not so far from Fribourg, has palms growing by the sides of the streets. The palms in this picture, I would guess, lived inside from November through March and then were brought out again into the courtyard alcove where the photo was taken. As to which alcove it is, there are several possibilities. Near the entrance to the chapel occurs to me. So does the crotch between Bossuet and the dining halls.
  2. The skating picture on the ice is really great! By the time we arrived at the Villa, students skated at the patinoire. This picture was obviously taken on the Sarine, down behind the school at the base of the cliffs. In our own day we would go down there to swim, but not to skate. It is truly one of the most spectacular spots in the world, and yet we had no photos of it, until now! Bravo.
  3. I vote for one of the rooms in Gallia as the locus for the group shot of seated students looking slightly downward toward the camera lens. The complex door and its transom looks to me like one of those in Gallia. I also infer this from what I take to be the desks that the students are seated at. The decorations on the wall are a little different than those we knew. Rather more charming, I'd say as an adult, though I am not sure we would have noticed one way or the other when we were 15.
  4. The sailor-suit shot is hardest of all to locate. When we were at the Villa, the only fence of this type which I remember ran behind the school along the far side of the street across from Bossuet. I cannot remember the name of the street. Bissonet? Buizonet? Probably nothing like that. On recent maps, I may have seen that the street has been renamed Saint-Exupéry.
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Grindewald Poster

March 15, 1999: Michele Latimer on her father's days at the Villa in the 1930s

1930 Photos:
I talked to my father yesterday, trying to extract more informations about Villa St Jean and here are few amusing anecdotes: About the skating picture, the boy to his left was Legrand de Fecamp - whose father was the owner of Benedictine, he would always come back from home visit with a supply of Benedictine samples which he gave among his schoolmates!

I asked him about skating on the Sarine, he said it was an unusual cold winter and the Sarine froze, usually they would skate on the tennis court, they used to hose them every night to provide a decent skating ring.

The sailor outfit picture was indeed taken in front of the school, rue du Botzet(sp?) and so was the picture with his brother. He promised he will write down the names of Professors and some of his schoolmates and will try to find some more information.

By the way, I don't know if you have read the St Exupery biography by Stacy Schiff (1994), it is excellent, she mentions villa St Jean many times and the influence the school had on St Ex. Hope those crumbs of information might be useful somehow!

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Interlaken Poster

March 15, 1999: Jerry Gegg on the Closing of the Villa and the subsequent lives of four Marianist Brothers Who were there at the time

1930 Photos:
I talked to my father yesterday, trying to extract more informations about Villa St Jean and here are few amusing anecdotes: About the skating picture, the boy to his left was Legrand de Fecamp - whose father was the owner of Benedictine, he would always come back from home visit with a supply of Benedictine samples which he gave among his schoolmates!

Concerning Fred Fuchs, he does not have an e-mail address. He lives in St. Louis County. His phone and address is in the phone book. Fred was at the Villa four years--its last four. He taught math and German.

Werner was something else. A character. Loved excitement. Extremely talented. Gifted teacher. Anyone who had him as a teacher is sure to remember some of the stuff he did in class to make it interesting.

WHY DID VILLA CLOSE? Religious Orders were losing members in the late 1960's. The Marianists of the Society of Mary were dedicated to teaching young men. As a result, they stubbornly refused to go co-ed when everyone else did. Hence, Villa's enrollment in its last year was 55 students--with 12 full-time staff members. The St. Louis Province, which included VSJ, decided to close a school. Those who made the decision to close VSJ apparently were not in love with VSJ as were some of us were. The decision to close the Villa was made in December 1969. In spring of 1970 the decision to leave the religious order was made by four of the six Marianists stationed at the Villa -- Cy Boschert, Werner Dobner, Fred Fuchs, Jerry Gegg. The other two (Bro. Pat Moran and Rev. James Mueller) returned to the States.

Cy married a Swiss gal, had 3 daughters, and has been working at College du Leman, Geneva, for the past 25 years. Werner married a German woman, had two children, and has been with the US Military school system near Stuttgart since 1970. Fred married and lives with his wife in St. Louis County, Missouri. Jerry married, had two children, and lives with his wife in St. Louis County.

The four of us get together often. We have many happy memories of VSJ.

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Grindelwald Poster

January, 1999: Message from Cavan Candito

After graduating I went to the American College in Leysin (in the mountains east of Lausanne), for all four years. Then I went to Fribourg University for a graduate year in law (but hated it, I dropped out). There were several ex-VSJ-ers at Fribourg University with me, such as Jim Gallagher and Mary Liz Logan (her brother Steve was at VSJ). Well Fribourg U ended in 1970 for me, then I went back to Leysin and stayed there til 1977 !! In Leysin I did everything from work in a ski-store to leasing and running a bar-restaurant for several years (it was an American Student pub for the college kids). Can you imagine, roughly 17 years in Suisse from gradeschool in Bern, thru VSJ and the American College and Fribourg U. I still miss the whole country and wish I'd stayed there.

My brother John and I were just talking about our favorite Fribourg hangouts -- remember La Fondue, they had the best fondue in Switzerland? And La Viennoise, right next door to the GREAT pizza restaurant Le Frascatti? During the year I was at Fribourg U, we also discovered several great little hole-in-the-wall places in the "lower old" city (Vieux Ville?). You know, way down the cliffs from Blvd Perolles. I don't think we as VSJ-ers had ever ventured down that far. I think the Brothers had that in mind when they didn't allow us long-enough "downtown time" to find such places! We got into enough trouble for them at Chess and Viennoise!! (I'll never forget helping to haul Heitzman home to the dorm horizontally -- drunk, passed out -- & sneaking him in past Brother Paul).

Anyway we get old, and mired in our 24-hr-a-day jobs and other responsibilities, so I haven't even been to Suisse since 1977. I escape California a couple of times a year, for a week in nearby places like Mexico or Arizona. But one of these days I'll have to take several weeks off together, to go have a Beauregard again. (And let's not forget Cardinal)

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Montana Poster

February, 1999: Christian Jayet tells us the fate of Mont-Choisi

I'm sorry to inform you that the Chateau Mont-Choisi school went out of business in 1996. You may reach the director/owner, Mr Pustacheri at 021/728 87 77 (ch. des Ramiers 16, 1009 Pully). He has been trying to sell the estate but has not yet found a buyer. The school sank pretty quickly.

In 1994 it was still doing well but in two years it went from 120 students to only 20 ! It was a pretty sad story - a lot of the teachers had been working at the school for over 20 years....

If I can be of any further help,. do not hesitate.

Best regards
Christian Jayet

 PHOTO Villa St Jean Gstaad Poster
 PHOTO Villa St Jean Cardinaux Poster   PHOTO Villa St Jean StMoritz Poster2   PHOTO Villa St Jean Swissair Poster

Click on link to RETURN To TOP Of Page & Local MENU







PREVIOUS PAGE GO TO TOP OF PAGE FOR
VSJ NAVIGATION MENU
NEXT PAGE

Ralf Brooks' Villa St.-Jean Collège Français & International School WEB SITE


Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024    Ralf Brooks,   All Rights Reserved